Pembukaan

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Writing Exercise Task 2

Question:
In some countries, small town-centre shops are out of business because people are driving to large out-of-town stores. As a result, people without cars have limit access to shops, so more and more people buy cars. Do you think the disadvantages of this development outweigh the advantages?

Answer:
Small town-centre shops in some countries are closed since people prefer to visit bigger store in out-of-town by driving. It gives a condition for people who do not have private car difficult going to shops. The consequncy is the purchasing of cars will increase. By the situation, there are some disadvantages and advantages for people who live in town and who live in out-of-town.

The disadvantages of the situation are firstly, many people in town will spend more money because they have to take a trip to out-of town. Secondly, the more people use car, the more air pollution created in the air. The third one is the situation will make the center of town become quiet and it can increase the criminalism because of not so many people walk around the town-center for just sight-seeing or greet each other. The last one, out-of-town will become more crowded and not enjoy to be live in.

Meanwhile, in my opinion, the advantages by this development are just two. Firstly, people in town-centre will get refreshed because they make trip to the out-of-town. Secondly, the shop in out-of-town will rise the purchasing of their materials. It also will happen to the car seller because many people will buy cars. It gives advantages just in personally.

In conclusion, by the opinions stated above, I think the disadvantages are bigger than the advantages when people always go out-of-town to shops.

Writing Exercise Task 1 (3)

The pie chart illustrates major factors that make agricultural land productivity decrease. While, the table describes the affection of the causes in North America, Europe, and Oceania along 1990s.

Overall, the reasons of the worldwide lack of agricultural land were because of over-grazing for 35%,deforestation for 30%, over-cultivation for 28%, and 7% because of other causes. Those happened in 1990s with the highest total rate of degraded land was in Europe, followed by Oceania, then North America.

In North America, the most reason of land reduction was over-cultivation, the second was over-grazing, and the last was deforestation. The total land degraded was 5%.

A little bit higher than North America land degradation rate was in Oceania that reached 13% with the most causes were over-grazing, then deforestation. Over-cultivation did not become a reason of land degraded in this area.

Moreover, Europe total lack of agricultural land was the highest rate than the others. It rose 23% with the main cause was because of deforestation. Meanwhile, over-cultivation and over-grazing were the second and third reason. They both rate higher than in North America and Oceania.

Writing Exercise Task 1 (2)

The maps illustrate West Park Secondary School and its surrounding layout that gradually changed in 1950, 1980, and 2010. The layout changes indicate the different kind of the spaces functioned.

Overall, the main road, school, and its playground were still located on the same location for years. Meanwhile, the houses and farmland were gradually changed into car park, science block, and sports field.

In 1950, the land was used for school, playground, farmland, houses, completed with main road. But, in 1980, the houses changed into car park and science block. While, the farmland became sports field, located beside the playground.

In 2010, the car park area expanded to the area of sports field before. Then, the sports field was located on part of playground area. Therefore, playground area became smaller than before. Moreover, the science block, school, and main road were still on the same location as seen in 1980 layout.

Writing Exercise Task 1

The bar chart illustrates the top five mobile phone brands varied number of units sold in global market and compared in 2009, 2011, and 2013. The five brands are Samsung, Apple, Nokia, LG, and ZTE.

Overall, Samsung and Nokia were the highest position number in units sold, while, ZTE became mostly the lowest units sold in those three years.

In 2009, the highest global sales rate was Nokia, reached over 400 milllions units sold. It was followed by Samsung, LG, ZTE, and the lowest was Apple with the global sales rate was a far below 100 millions units sold.

In 2011, the order of the highest and the lowest global sales rate were similar. But, it is clear that global sales rate of Samsung, Apple, and ZTE increased, meanwhile Nokia and LG decreased smoothly.

In 2013, the top of global sales rate was Samsung that reached over 400 millions units sold, overtaking Nokia that was in the second position of the rate. They were followed by Apple, LG, and the last ZTE with the rate was below 100millions units sold.

Writing Exercise H-23

Question:
Scientists say we eat too much junk food and that is harmful to our health. Some people believe the answer to this question lies with education, but others argue education is useless.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Answer:
It is true that when we eat too much junk food, it will be not good to our health. Most scientists clarify this issue as a fact. Some people know the case and keep their health by reduce the consumption of junk food. Meanwhile, the others do not do the same thing.

Nowadays, government and most scientists or health practitioners try to encourage people to mitigate eat junk food by giving knowledge to everyone for this health important issue. For example, they deliver the message in some articles, news, social media, and also public advertisement. In my opinion, those kind of movement are good things to remain people aware with this fact. Because the message spreads everywhere, many people,  who do not know the fact before, will conscious to their activity in consuming junk food.

In other hand, I argue that the attempt to educate people is not most the effective way to get people attach to this case. Many people seems to still like eat junk food uncontrolled, eventhough they see the possibly following effect. In my view, it depends on people self awareness to become healthy. People need to come out with their own mind and improve self awarness to reduce junk food consumption.

In conclusion, I argue that government, scientists, or health practitioners should keep giving education to people to not consuming junk food in exceed. However, it is obvious that the education will not be effective if people do not come out with their mind in enhance their health awarness.

Writing Exercise H-24

Question:
Families who send their children to private school should not be required to pay taxes that support the state education system.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Answer:
Parents who are their children entrance a non-public schools have not an obligation to pay taxes that encourage the state education system. This statement is still in pro and contra.

In my opinion, I do not agree with the statement because of some reasons. For the first, the condition will make government difficult to calculate the tax reduction. The amount of taxes paid to government will decrease since only people who send their children to public school that take part to remunerate the tax. Therefore, the government have to re-calculate the portion of taxes charged.

The second one, as a good citizen, we should all be happy to contribute to public services. Take part for paying the tax, eventhough we are not incharge for public field, is a provement of enthusiasm in developing our nation.

Moreover, if the situation were happened as stated above, inequality will appear in social sector. The poorer would remunerate more tax than wealthy people and it will enhance injustice condition.

For the reasons mentioned above, it seems to me that the family who deliver their children to non-public school are still required to pay taxes for the sake of state education system improvement.

Writing Exercise H-25

Question: Advances in technology and automation have reduced the need for manual labour. Therefore, working hours should be reduced. To what extent do you agree?

Answer:
Improving high-end technology and automation in industrial world can decrease the demand of human labour activities. It is significantly, may reduce the working hour of human labour.

In my opinion, I agree that the technology and automation can cut the duration of production in industrial daily works. However, I also believe that human labour is still needed.

Machines are made by people to help them finishing their tasks. Some of them made in orther the human tasks easily been done in a limit of time. Nowadays, industrial field developing their technology and automation to make the production becomes more effective and efficient. Therefore, many of them prefer to change their manual labour activity to machinery as automatic work. All those situations can cut the production cost, duration, and energy. They have not to pay human salary regularly, as before. It can improve the profit of the industrial field.

In other hand, I think industrial production still need human labour. Machines, actually, are made by human. Eventhough the machines automatically can finish the tasks, they still need human creation behind. They need to be maintained by people, as simple as to be set, controlled, turned on, and turned off. Those facts make automation can not automatically changes human activity. Human need automation but automation need human.

For the reasons mentioned above, it seems to me that automation can take part of human labour. It can make human task become more effective and efficient. However, automation can not easily change the need of human labour. It is still needed but in different way, to control, maintain, and stay behind the operation of the machines. So, I think working hour is not easily been cut because of the automation.